Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution Essay

During the 1850s, Charles Darwin proposed his hypothesis of development. His hypothesis recommended that species advanced step by step through unobtrusive changes starting with one age then onto the next by methods for common determination. By characteristic choice, the most alluring innate attributes become progressively normal starting with one age then onto the next while the less attractive, more vulnerable qualities cease to exist. This offers ascend to a life form that is more capableâ€fitted toâ€of making due in the general condition. At the time Darwin planned his thought start with his stumble on the HMS Beagle during the 1830s, a few researchers turned to the possibility that God had destined life by characteristic laws instead of by supernatural accomplishments. While coherent and right, the thought despite everything alludes to an awesome force, demonstrating a strict bowed, so maybe clearly the thoughts tended to could prompt strict discussion. As is normal in science, Darwin’s idea emerged from thoughts collected from various researchers of his time. A few scientists of the time accepted that regular laws were liable forever. While Darwin’s thoughts didn't represent the procedures accepted to represent life at that point, there was a hypothesis at the time thought to represent life. Most idea that species were transmuted from one animal varieties into another. The issue with transmutation, a thought that is like development in certain regards, is that an animal types may change through transmutation, however it will in any case be similar species. A pooch may change into an alternate kind of canine, yet it will even now be a canine; moreover, for a feline or some other species. Development directs that the whole collective of animals can develop through stages from one animal categories into another after some time. Winged animals originated from reptiles, warm blooded creatures originated from feathered creatures and people originated from non-people. (Lewontin, 1981) The information is unequivocal. During his journey on HMS Beagle, Darwin discovered fossil survives from monstrous warm blooded creatures that were as of late wiped out with no sign that their termination had been brought about by atmosphere changes or disastrous occasions. In spite of the fact that he accepted that the remaining parts he discovered were identified with species in Africa or Europe, assessment of the remaining parts Darwin discovered demonstrated that they were just identified with different species discovered distinctly in the Americas. Creationists demand that life happened from God in six days. While most evolutionists assault creationism on the grounds of logical realities, there is a different line of proof for all intents and purposes unnoticed by the individuals who bolster advancement hypothesis. Students of history and archeologists have discovered that the scriptural story of creation originated from the legends of another culture. Stories introduced in the Bible developed gradually after some time, some time before religions existed, and fused stories from numerous societies. The tale of the Garden of Eden, the snake and the Tree of Life, for instance, are said to have been portrayed on an Akkadian Cylinder Seal almost 2500 years before Christ. The snake itself was seen as a god. Notice: â€Å"No one acquainted with the folklores of the crude, old, and Oriental universes can go to the Bible without perceiving partners on each page, changed, be that as it may, to render a contention in spite of the more established beliefs. In Eve’s scene at the tree, for instance, nothing is said to show that the snake who showed up and addressed her was a god in his own right, who had been adored in the Levant for in any event 7,000 years before the piece of the Book of Genesis. There is in the Louver a cut green steatite jar, recorded c. 025 BC by King Gudaea of Lagash, devoted to a late Sumerian sign of this associate of the goddess, under his title Ningizzida, ‘Lord of the Tree of Truth. ‘† p. 9. â€Å"The Serpent’s Bride. † Joseph Campbell. Occidental Mythology, The Masks of God. Arkana. New York. Viking Penguin Books. 1964, 1991 republish The data in the Old Testament dates from around 1450 BC u ntil 200 BC. This implies, in spite of the firmly held convictions of most Christians, the creation story of Genesis is really gotten from the fantasies of antiquated Sumerians. Along these lines, the story is a fantasy. This implies the individuals who against Darwin’s thoughts on strict grounds dependent on their convictions in the exactness of the story in Genesis have unconsciously decided to acknowledge fantasy over realities. While they accept the fantasy to be authentic, archeological proof exhibits in any case. The logical proof inclines intensely on the side of Darwin’s thoughts. While we may not completely see a few angles behind the system of development, we are ceaselessly becoming familiar with those components. (Dobzhansky, 1973) Dobzhansky states: Let me attempt to make precious stone understood what is set up past sensible uncertainty, and what needs further examination, about advancement. Development as a procedure that has consistently gone on throughout the entire existence of the earth can be questioned uniquely by the individuals who are oblivious of the proof or are impervious to confirm, attributable to enthusiastic squares or to plain dogmatism. Conversely, the systems that achieve development positively need study and explanation. There are no options in contrast to development as history that can withstand basic assessment. However we are continually learning new and significant realities about transformative components. Theodosius Dobzhansky, â€Å"Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in Light of Evolution†, American Biology Teacher vol. 35 (March 1973) republished in Evolution versus Creationism, J. Dwindle Zetterberg ed. , ORYX Press, Phoenix AZ 1983. Darwin (1859) accepted that whales developed from bears dependent on a situation where particular weights may cause this advancement, yet he was censured for this thought and expelled the proposal. Gould, 1995) Today, there is significantly more fossil proof for the development of numerous species in this way supporting the possibility of advancement as a general natural guideline, including the advancement of whales from lower creatures. Proof on the side of development exists at numerous levels. There is paleontological proof dependent on fossils, morphological proof that relate the body morphology of higher creatures to bring down creatures, proof from sub-atomic science and from embryology. Added to this, the ordered picture that outcomes is predictable with different lines of proof. For instance, the proof for the advancement of whales from lower creatures is persuading. Whales have been firmly concentrated as for advancement. In the event that advancement is substantial, transitional stages starting with one degree of development then onto the next should exist. In spite of the fact that the fossil survives from whales inconsistent for quite a while, late fossil revelations have more than sufficiently loaned help to the idea of development for whales. Analysts express that free lines of proof from various orders affirm the example of advancement in whales. John Ray perceived that whales were warm blooded animals instead of fish in 1693 dependent on their comparability to earthly well evolved creatures. (Barnes, 1984) In 1883, Flower (see Barnes, 1984) found that whales shared minimal qualities for all intents and purpose with earthly well evolved creatures similarly as people have minimal tails, the coccyx. Discoveries like these prompted the idea of ‘ontogeny reiterates phylogeny. ’ This idea is quickly clarified in further detail underneath. Blossom (1883) perceived that the whales have tireless simple and minimal highlights normal for earthly well evolved creatures, along these lines affirming that the heading of plunge was from earthbound to marine species. Based on morphology, Flower likewise connected whales with the ungulates; he appears to have been the principal individual to do as such. Today, we realize that whales share minimal highlights practically speaking with lower creatures. For instance, they have minimal olfactory nerve, jutting rear appendages, pelvic blades and stomachs. Like people, during embryological improvement, whales create highlights like lower creatures and surrender them as advancement advances. During their turn of events, there is additionally proof that whales have earthbound progenitors. A few whales even create hair while in the belly in spite of the fact that they don't hold it. In 1985, Goodman et al. exhibited that whales are more firmly identified with ungulates than to different creatures. (Goodman, 1985; Miyamoto and Goodman, 1986) Some examinations have recognized qualities, catalysts and different proteins that interface whales to terminated creatures. (Irwin et al. 991; Irwin and Arnason, 1994; Milinkovitch, 1992; Graur and Higgins, 1994; Gatesy et al, 1996; Shimamura et al. , 1997) We have just noted over that the creation story in the Bible was taken from the content of an antiquated culture that originates before the Hebrew record. Instead of to transparently recognize that the Bible’s story of creation is a legendar y legend that clarifies development and the presence of life on earth, some strict gatherings resort to outlandish, invented, by and large absurd ideas, for example, ‘creationism’, ‘creation science’ and ‘intelligent design’ to excuse or clarify away the science and supplant it with dream. Embryology and formative science have an idea, ‘ontogeny restates phylogeny’, that rearranges and quickly yet briefly communicates the ideas introduced in the principal section of Genesis. This resembles clarifying an entangled logical idea, take origination and birth for instance, to a little kid by utilizing a fantasy as opposed to point by point research data. The fantasy isn't precise, yet the general data it conveys is valid. With this single expression, the primary section of Genesis is summed up and clarified. The expression implies that the embryological procedures of advancement, ontogeny, portray and embody the transformative history of the species, phylogeny. For instance, during improvement of the human incipient organism, the embryo quickly has gills and a tail like its phylogenetic precursors. As it were, during advancement, the creating undeveloped organism goe

Vietnam and Iraq Wars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vietnam and Iraq Wars - Essay Example The intrusion of Iraq was begun trying to stop the ascent of universal psychological warfare, which began after the assaults of September eleventh, in the year 2001. The attack was begun the grounds of charges that there was participation and coordination between Saddam Hussein and Al Qaeda. This paper looks to investigate the two intrusions, which were done by the American powers in the lights of expansive and various scholarly assets. Besides, this paper will try to investigate between the things, which the American officers conveyed with them in Vietnam to the things, which they conveyed in Iraq. The US was involved in the Vietnam struggle during the 1960s and 1970s. Vietnam had been apportioned into North and South after the French withdrawal. North Vietnam had started to support a socialist insurrection in the South (Barbier, 34). This was viewed as a danger to US intrigues which dreaded a domino influence that would bring about socialist unrests in neighboring nations. The United States conveyed its military powers in Vietnam. It utilized traditional counter uprising strategies like breadth and search tasks, resettlement of unfriendly towns, torment of suspected extremists, air strikes against North Vietnamese powers, and death crusades against socialist associates. Anyway the North Vietnamese kept on retaliating by making an enormous torment limit. They had the option to ingest substantial setbacks and continue a war of wearing down against the United States. By 1973, the US had withdrawn from Vietnam by marking an arranged settlement with North Vietnam. The United States retreat from Vietnam was viewed as a significant military difficulty. It would bring forth many years of hesitance inside the US to submit ground troops into any significant clash. Iraq War The Iraq War was propelled in the year 2003 with the particular motivation behind toppling the system of Saddam Hussein. US powers rapidly toppled the system inside twenty one days yet were entangled in a guerilla strife with nearby guerillas. The US has conveyed gigantic quantities of troops so as to accomplish its military destinations. It has shaped synergistic associations with neighborhood Iraqi powers so as to tame the insurrection. US powers in the year 2007 propelled a huge troop flood which was an endeavor to placate the district. The key system was to direct a segment by segment clear of suspected extremist regions. US powers would guarantee a perpetual nearness by setting up checkpoints and stations. The flood has moderately appeased Iraq with various guerilla bunches joining the US drove associated government (Barbier, 45). Standard Issue Weapons and Equipment US powers in Vietnam were not sufficiently prepared to deal with guerilla fighting. The US military tenet thought about guerillas as simple irritations during struggle zones. The normal US fighter was a draftee who had been driven into the Vietnamese wilderness for two or three months. Anyway the Kenney Administration conveyed Special Forces so as to battle the guerilla danger. US Special Forces were engaged with assuagement crusades that included looking and devastating guerilla positions. The UH-1 (Huey) helicopter was widely applied for such missions (Barbier, 32). US troops in Vietnam conveyed M-16 rifles which empowered quick shoot against concentrated

What You Need to Do About How to Do a Outline for a Research Paper Beginning in the Next 2 Minutes

<h1> What You Need to Do About How to Do an Outline for a Research Paper Beginning in the Next 2 Minutes </h1> <p>Outlining the segments directly toward the beginning of composing research paper can assist you with keeping up a fitting structure for the entire review. It is desirable over utilize complete sentence plot structure, if your paper should be organized in MLA. You could likewise observe discourse layout. A diagram is expected to assist you with setting a structure for a paper you will compose. </p> <p>A extraordinary blueprint has become the most essential advance recorded as a hard copy a great paper. The accompanying could work as the perfect blueprint to substance out to make an awesome outline of an exploration paper, reliant on the theme in the presentation. With our specially crafted article offer, you can be sure to get any kind of paper help you are looking for. 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Public Limited Companies - Free Essay Example

Finance Introduction For the purpose of this research, two PLCs have been chosen, one from the UK and the other from China, together with two countries, one a developed and the other an emerging country. Chosen Public Limited Companies Umeco PLC. Umeco, based in Leamington Spa in Warwickshire, UK is involved in the aerospace and defence industries and has an international client base. The main tasks of the business are the provision of innovative methods for distribution, supply chain management, as well as repair and overhaul services. It is also involved with advanced composite materials, which are used within the same industries and have been extended to include wind energy, motor sport and other allied automotive and technological areas (Umeco website 2007). The company employs over 1,400 people in international locations throughout the world, including the UK, North America, and Europe. In addition, during the course of 2006 the business has sought to extend its presence in the Far East. To this end, it has established an agreement with an organisation in China for the formation of a new commercial business, which will assist in the servicing of its customers in that region. It can also be seen from th e Chairmans statement in the Annual Report (2006), that the company has engaged in a number of acquisitions throughout all areas of the business over the past twelve months. Figure 1 Umeco Results summary Source: Annual Report 2006, page 91 The five-year summary (see figure 1) shows that since 2004 the business has achieved a steady growth pattern in revenue, profits, and earnings per share, all of which show a year on year increase during that period. During the same five years the share price of the business has also risen from approximately 250 to 550, making it an attractive investment, particularly for the institutional investors, the top ten of whom own around 57% of the issued shares (see annual report, page 23). In order to fund the corporations 2006 acquisition programme, including that of Provest and Aeromedic Innovations, and to provide it with growth capital, a rights issue was launched in 2005, to which the business received 98.6% valid acceptances (see chairmans statement 2006). It is anticipated that this will provide for continued growth and added value in the future. China Unicom In 1994, the Chinese government set up the China United Telecommunications Corporation as a state owned enterprise within the telecommunications industry, serving citizens of the Peoples Republic of China. Although it started as a wireless paging and mobile operating service, it has expanded its interests to include a wide range of telecommunications services. In 2000, following the expansion of Chinas desire to attract international investment, the corporation set up a commercial public trading business named China Unicom. However, the Chinese based organisation from which it was founded still owned approaching 60% of the business (Annual report 2005, page 2), which has since grown to over 69%, with just below 20% held in Shanghai and the balance in the Hong Kong and NYSE markets. Figure 2 China Unicom financial performance 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total Assets 453.7 1128.3 1279 1492.2 1498.4 1456.3 1426.3 Total Borrowings 201.3 356.5 442.7 530.2 543.9 461.5 345.8 Total Liabilities 343 547.2 653.9 824.1 802.2 728.2 663.4 Shareholders equity 85.4 572.2 616.8 662.5 696.2 728.1 762.9 EBITDA Margin 37.3% 46.2% 46% 45.8% 36.8% 34.1% 32.7% Profit Margin 4.8% 13.7% 15.2% 11.3% 6.2% 5.5% 5.7% Revenue 174.5 236.9 293.9 405.8 676.4 793.3 870.5 EBITDA 65.1 109.6 135.3 185.8 249.0 270.2 284.4 Profit 8.4 32.3 44.6 45.7 42.2 43.9 49.3 Cellular Subscribes (ten thousands) 415.4 1277.2 2703.3 4311.4 8083.3 11208.1 12779.4 Source: https://www.chinaunicom.com.hk/en/investor/highlights.html One of the problems that this distribution of shareholding creates is that, effectively, the corporation has to serve two masters, the state and the shareholder, which has led to its less than inspiring results over the past five years, as can be evidenced in figure 2. The financial results show that, despite the fact that revenue and subscriber levels have continued to grow significantly since 2001, the profit level in percentage terms has fallen, although this appears to have stabilised in 2005. The business has experienced difficulties throughout it trading life, particularly as a result of the government intervention in its activities in respect of the GSM products. As a result, it has sought to sell this area of the business back to the parent company in exchange for the acquisition of mobile licences throughout China (JP Morgan 2005). In April 2005, the company made an offer of 2.3 shares per ten trad able held, providing the major shareholder, China Unicom Group Co Ltd, was given the go ahead to floats its own majority shareholding. Chosen countries The UK, with a current population of around 60 million, has a high level of private ownership within its corporate and trading markets. With a GDP of over $2.3 trillion (World Factbook 2007), it is one of the leading economies of Europe. It is also one of the most popular countries for international corporate domicile (Monks 2000. p18). The London stock market is one of the worlds oldest, being able to trace its roots back over three hundred years, although the current form of the Stock Exchange was not opened until 1801. Since then, it has become one of the most important exchanges in the world. Unlike China, the UK financial markets and business corporations work on a shareholder system, with very little interference from the state in terms of control of operations, apart from their corporate governance procedures. As such, it allows a high level of inward and outward foreign investment. Until the later part of the 1990s, industry in China, being a communist country, was state owned. However, in 1997 the ruling party announced plans to sell off large stakes in many of these corporations to the public (Seth Faison 1997). Over the following few years, the country underwent a significant economic change in terms of its approach to capital markets, allowing investment and fund managers to operate within the country and access to their corporations, although initially through joint ventures. An increasing number of Chinese domiciled businesses also sought listings on the Hong Kong and New York stock exchanges as a way of attracting foreign capital for domestic and international growth. Over the same period, there has significant increase in the growth of foreign businesses operating within China, with such names as KFC, Adidas and MacDonalds amongst them. By 2006 China, with a population of over 1.3 billion, had become the worlds second largest economy behind the US, with a GDP in excess of $2.5 trillion and an annual growth rate of 10.5% (World Factboo k 2007). Despite initial fears regarding the level of state involvement in what is attempting to become a capitalist-based financial market, China has so far succeeding in combining the dichotomy for the moment. References JP Morgan (2005). China Market Strategy. Asia Pacific Equity Research. Retrieved 2 March 2007 from https://www.bolaninfo.com:8080/CMS/UserFiles/Pdf/JPM%20China%20Market%20Strategy20051106.pdf Faison, Seth (1997). In Major Shift, China Will Sell State Industries. New York Times, New York, US. World Factbook (2007). Peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Republic of China. CIA. US. Retrieved 2 March 2007 from https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/ch.html Our History (2007). London Stock Exchange. London, UK. Retrieved 2 March 2007 from https://www.londonstockexchange.com/en-gb/about/cooverview/history.htm Monks, Robert A.G (2000). Modern Company Law for a Competitive Economy: the strategic environment. Corporate Governance vol 8, No.1. UK Um eco PLC (2007). Company website. Retrieved 2 march 2007 from https://www.umeco.com/default.asp Life Style Extra (2007). Umeco Share Price Retrieved 2 march 2007 from https://www.lse.co.uk/ShareChart.asp?sharechart=UMCshare=UMECO_PLC_ORD_25P World Factbook (2007). United Kingdom. CIA. US. Retrieved 2 March 2007 from https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/ch.html

How The Student Loan Interest And Penalties A Guide For...

How to Erase Student Loan Interest and Penalties - A Guide for International Student Most American understudies move on from school with about $30,000 in understudy credit obligation. The weight that paying off these credits puts on you can debilitate, and your future starts to look bleaker and bleaker. Regardless of the fact that you get a not too bad paying occupation, you ll be spending so much cash paying down your credits every month that you won t have sufficient energy to make the most of your more youthful years. Try not to stress You are not the only one. There a million wrong approaches to approach paying off your understudy obligation and just a couple right ones. This article is going to help you tell the great from the terrible. There are some ways you can lower or even invalidate your financing costs, and there are approaches to return from punishments. The Grace Period Interest Game In the event that you ve just as of late graduated, you re likely overpowered with paying back your understudy credits, as well as finding an occupation, a spot to live, acclimating to another city, and so forth. This will be a standout amongst the most attempting times of your life. That is accurately why understudy advance organizations offer elegance periods, yet don t be tricked into suspecting that they re doing this to be pleasant folks. Six months of no installments implies a bigger main equalization, and a bigger chief parity implies more cash for them. Try notShow MoreRelatedFinance6839 Words   |  28 Pagesof issues in international finance and global financial markets. It covers topics such as sport and forward exchange rates, interest rate parity, currency hedging and exchange rate forecasting techniques. 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Wild Oats Case Study - 1212 Words

INTRODUCTION: Founded in 1987, Wild Oats Markets, Inc. is a leading natural and organic foods retailer in the United States. Headquartered in Boulder, Colorado, the company operates over 100 natural food stores in 25 states and Canada under several names, including Wild Oats Natural Marketplace, Henry’s Farmer’s Market, Sun Harvest Farms, and Capers Community Market. The owners, Michael Gilliand and Libby Cook, lacked experience in the natural/whole foods market and the first store got off to a slow start. However, with consumer’s peaking interest in wholesome foods produced in an earth-friendly, responsible manner, sales soon increased and the company experienced rapid growth from 1991 through 1999. Even though they have remained†¦show more content†¦By 2006, the company was in over its head and could not compete effectively with Whole Foods. Insufficient IT – Even though the company has commenced IT programs for EDI, they still have a weak I T infrastructure with a proliferation of systems. OPPORTUNITIES: High Growth Market – the holistic health area is growing quickly and Wild Oats has already begun tapping that market. The popularity of organic market cafes is increasing and Wild Oats already has these cafes in many of its stores. Vertical Backward Integration – Whole Foods has the opportunity to expand its distribution center in Denver, and enlarge the commissary kitchens to produce even more of the deli food, baked goods, and take-out food for delivery to their stores, thereby replacing some suppliers and assuring their quality standards are met. E-Commerce – Wild Oats currently offers their private label brands through Peapod.com and Amazon.com. The opportunities on-line are endless as long as the commissary kitchens and distribution centers can keep up with the demand. THREATS: Competition from conventional grocers and mass retailers – as they add organics to their product offerings, the resulting competition could drive prices down and create gross margin erosion. Competition from Whole Foods – Whole Foods competitive store openings have the capacity to negatively impact Wild Oats sales, and as has been demonstrated, have been a source of pressure.Show MoreRelatedCase Study(Whole Foods)1481 Words   |  6 Pageswhich is not alarming but the management should look into the reasons behind the decline. The debt-to-equity ratio is used to evaluate borrowing capability and the amount of debt in the company. Usually ratios above 1.0 indicate excessive debt, in the case of Whole Foods Market the ratio has gone up from 2006-2007 (.004-.023), which indicated an increase in the amount of borrowings. 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In the stores they have a lot of sitting areas like bakeries, coffee shops, open kitchens, and etc. Their main focusRead MoreEssay on Penicillin Resistance2265 Words   |  10 PagesChemicals and Materials # p- aminohippurate, estrone-3- substrate, insulin, penicillin G, and HPLC (see discussion for more details) Animals # Male and female oat3, and wild type age matched mice- 12-16 weeks old for pharmacokinetic (fate of drug internally in body, essentially absorption and distribution in this case) experiments and 6 months old for organ function markers # Knockout mice genetically altered the oat3 transfer protein, so nonfunctional Data Many of the data collectedRead MoreWhole Foods Market Case Essay1917 Words   |  8 PagesCase Study: Whole Foods Market 2006: Mission, Core Values and Strategy 1. What are the chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing? Founder John Mackey strongly believed in Whole Foods’ mission to be very selective about store inventory, sticking to the company’s core values and ensuring that customers had an enjoyable and interactive shopping experience, while keeping with planned strategies that have set them apart from their competitors. Store Development andRead MoreWhole Foods Market2057 Words   |  9 PagesCase Study: Whole Foods Market 2006: Mission, Core Values and Strategy 1. What are the chief elements of the strategy that Whole Foods Market is pursuing? Founder John Mackey strongly believed in Whole Foods’ mission to be very selective about store inventory, sticking to the company’s core values and ensuring that customers had an enjoyable and interactive shopping experience, while keeping with planned strategies that have set them apart from their competitors. Store Development andRead MoreWhole Foods Markets1582 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This paper examines the published case study Whole Foods Markets, 2005: Will There Be Enough Organic Food to Satisfy the Growing Demand? (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2007, p. C534). Although the published study addresses numerous aspects of Whole Foods Market’s business as a leading international retailer of â€Å"natural† organic foods, the analysis provided herein is focused on Whole Foods Market’s ability to meet future growth demands. This paper explores Whole Foods Market’s basic internalRead MoreMarketing Plan For Whole Foods1390 Words   |  6 Pagesgrown domestically. In 2007 Whole Foods began opening stores in the United Kingdom. While continually opening new stores, the company fueled its expansion by acquiring other food chains. For instance, it acquired one of its largest competitors, Wild Oats, in 2007. Whole Foods has consistently ranked as one of the World’s Most Ethical companies for its emphasis on organic food, healthy living, customer satisfaction, quality, and sustainability. The firm has also been elected as one of the top companiesRead MoreWhole Foods Market Case Analysis1768 Words   |  8 Pagesof the organic food brand. Threat of new entrant There are a few new entrants, which are Trader Joe’s company and Wild Oats Market. This two are the new entrant in this industry however this represents a moderate threat as for the Trader Joe’s company, it has no service department and it has limited space of store, as compared to Whole Foods Market. Secondly, as for Wild Oats Market, the founder was lack of experience in this industry and they was emphasizing on the learning of the employees

Soft Soil Improvement by Using Vertical Drains-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Soft Soil Improvement by Using Vertical Drains. Answer: Segments of sand if disseminated in habitual triangles and gravel pads heartened with the geogrids were used with the aim of accelerating the mixture of the soft ground underneath to ensure the improvement of the capacity that can be borne. The examination that was used by the investigators was the limited three-dimensional (3D). This was conveyed using an altered Cam-clay model (Zi-Hang Dai Bao-Lin Chen 2017, p 56). Doing this greatly aids in the improvement of the outline level and the analysis of the issue of building on the soft ground even though complex is viable and it thus changes the exact settlement forecast. However, the method was found only in the application for only simple nature of ground. The test carried out proved out that the membrane used to generate the airtight condition and sand blanket deposit to enhance vacuum distribution. In enhancing soil (soft) improvements, solar heating will increase the presentation of drainage by act of reducing drainage retardation effects in the insult zone around the drain (Saowapakpiboon 2009, p 543). Prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) are useful aspect in improvement of soft soils, and they were developed for they were the cheapest ground enhancement method for the intensification of soil strength and soil arduousness. According to (Bergado 2010, p 78) the high rates of reimbursement contributed to lots of warm as a result of the fall of the earths structure which is the magnitudes of past considerations. However, amalgamation and opening water procedure beside the drainage path dwells sideways of the horizontal course alone and reason for a perpendicular path not mentioned. EVD technique can be premeditated for the electro osmosis and pore water drainage and this results to a 2anode-1cathode which is superior to 1anode-1cathode conformation and the highest voltage gradient seems to occur in the peak series. Electro kinetic fortifying of clay which is delicate and mounting solids gratified in glops and the mining tailings. When exploitation of the geosynthetic together with sust enance and PVDs progresses, barrier implementation bigheartedly changes than exploitation of the strategies for soil change. Therefore, when applying the two methods in soil improvements will be effective than when one is applicable alone. Out of this examination, it is advisable when improvement of soft soils is done application of the two methods be combined together (Taechakumthorn 2008, p 456). Presentation of vacuum abetted before loading is a reliable means when a huge load is needed to encounter the anticipated rate of reimbursement and undrained shear asset increases after the consolidation. The presented prefabricated band designed drains and cardboard wick fixtures for ground improvement. Characteristically, ready-made posse flows consist of an elastic core with a longitudinal frequency surrounded by a strainer jacket to prevent obstruction. PVDs beneath an embankment not only hastened by consolidation, but they also sway the subsoil pattern deformation (Zheng et al. 2017). At the center streak of an embankment where adjacent displacement is insignificant, unit cell clarifications are sufficient but elsewhere, particularly near the levee toe, any forecast from a single drain analysis is not precise enough because of sideways deformation and stagger. Preloading of soft soil with vertical gutters tends to be the most prevalent methods used to surge the sheer power of soft soil and device its post-construction defrayal. Due to the fact that the porousness of soils is very little, merging time to the achieved preferred settlement or shear strength may gross too long. Using prefabricated vertical drains means that the drainage route is abridged from the soil layer thickness to the drain stimulus zone radius, which quickens consolidation (Hui Wu Liming Hu 2017, p 67). This structure application is to progress the properties of underpinning soil for railway levees, airports, and highways. Over the previous three decades, the recital of various categories of vertical drains, containing sand drains, and sand compaction heaps and manufactured vertical drains, have been studied. A sheath less vacuum preloading technique can also be used in the improvement of soft soil. The approach offers some benefits over other conformist preloading (vacuum) where the membrane is used in forming the airtight condition and sand extensive layer to dispense vacuum. To improve the soil (soft) to accommodate large structures can also be enhanced by columns of dust being distributed in regular trios and sand cushions reinforced with geogrids to hasten the soft ground consolidation underneath the embankment and expand its bearing capacity (Wen 2017, p 96). In the sand study, a three-dimensional (3D) finite component analysis is carried out using the modified cam-clay model to boost the design level and investigation of this applied engineering problematic of soft-ground enhancement regarding accurate extrapolation of the settlement. The prophesied settlement and horizontal dislocation of the embankment sub grade found to agree well with the actual capacities. In line with the est imate of a consolidation degree of ninety-five percentage level finally, the 340th day was resulted to be the optimum date on which to eradicate the supplement (Bergado, Chai, Miura Balasubramaniam 1998, p 89). In count, the 3D consequence of the variation of surplus pore-water pressure was evidently revealed. The outcomes also proved that the 3D nonlinear arithmetic method obtainable in the paper as scientific and unswerving for intricate practical engineering complications involving soft-ground perfection. According to (Huayang Lei, 2016 p 561) the preloading (new) technique scoffs less power when juxtaposed with conventional stratagem. The technique is financially practicality and ecological considerate technique for application in low bearing soils and soils of high compressibility. References Bergado, D. T., Chai, J. C., Miura, N., Balasubramaniam, A. S. (1998). PVD improvement of soft Bangkok clay with combined vacuum and reduced sand embankment preloading. Geotechnical Engineering, 29(1). Chai, J. C., Miura, N. (1999). Investigation of factors affecting vertical drain behavior. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 125(3), 216-226. Indraratna, B., Sathananthan, I., Rujikiatkamjorn, C., Balasubramaniam, A. S. (2005). Analytical and numerical modeling of soft soil stabilized by prefabricated vertical drains incorporating vacuum preloading. International Journal of Geomechanics, 5(2), 114-124. Ladd, C. C. (1991). Stability evaluation during staged construction. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 117(4), 540-615. Leo, C. J. (2005). Closure to Equal Strain Consolidation by Vertical Drains, by Chin Jian Leo. Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 131(10), 1317-1317. Pothiraksanon, C., Saowapakpiboon, J., Bergado, D. T., Voottipruex, P., Abuel-Naga, H. M. (2010). Soft ground improvement with solar-powered drainage. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Ground Improvement, 163(1), 23-30. Wu, H., Hu, L., Wen, Q. (2017). Numerical simulation of electro-osmotic consolidation coupling non-linear variation of soil parameters. Computers Geosciences, 103, 92-98. Zheng, G., Liu, J., Lei, H., Rahman, M. S., Tan, Z. (2017). Improvement of very soft ground by a high-efficiency vacuum preloading method: A case study. Marine Georesources Geotechnology, 35(5), 631-642

Phases of the moon Essay Essay Example

Phases of the moon Essay Essay During dark clip. the Moon is the clearest heavenly object that could be seen any topographic point on Earth. The Moon is considered as the closest heavenly thing on Earth and is the lone natural orbiter to the Earth ( Freudenrich. 2008 ) . As people noticed. the Moon nowadayss altering forms in the dark sky. There are cases when 1 could see a full disc form. other times it peaks a cabal of its face and sometimes it vanishes for a few yearss. These alterations in the bright side of the Moon are identified as the moon’s stages. Such happening in the Moon is non random at all instead the alterations happen in a monthly footing and occurs in a predictable mode ( Freudenrich. 2008 ) . The Moons stages are non the consequence of the earth’s shadow as many believe. The shadow of the Earth may do occultations but the happening of the Moons phases is a different instance. Phases of the Moon are dependent on its place in the alliance together with the Earth and Sun therefore the lighted portion in the moon’s face is caused by the contemplation of the visible radiation from the Sun ( Barrow. 2008. 1 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Phases of the moon Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Phases of the moon Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Phases of the moon Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer During the 29 twenty-four hours travel of the Moon around its orbit. its place undergoes day-to-day alterations. There are times when the Moon is positioned between the Earth and the Sun. other times it is behind the Earth this is why people see the bright parts of the moon’s surface in different angles ( Freudenrich. 2008 ) . The eight stages of the Moon undergoes a rhythm which is proceeded by the new Moon. New Moon besides known as the dark Moon could be seen whenever the Sun and the Moon are likewise positioned on the same side of the Earth. The new Moon is basically non seeable because it is situated in between the Sun and the Earth therefore the portion which is lighted faces straight to the Sun while the other portion which is lost in the sun’s blaze is confronting the Earth ( Barrow. 2008. 1 ) . The 2nd stage of the Moon is identified as the waxing crescent. This appears during the 2nd or 3rd twenty-four hours. During this stage merely a small portion of the Moon is demoing up. It is characterized with a thin lunar splinter which is evident proceedingss after the sundown. Such stage is termed as waxing because every dark a portion of the Moon becomes more seeable in a longer clip ( The stages of our Moon: What can you see this evening. 2008 ) . By the clip the waxing crescent Moon grows in a half full. it has so reached the 3rd stage which is known as the first one-fourth. During this stage. half of the Moon is already seeable. However. its visibleness last during the first half of the eventide and finally goes down. It is besides of import to observe that the first one-fourth Moon reflect the sun’s visible radiation on the right manus side ( The stages of our Moon: What can you see this evening. 2008 ) . Waxing Gibbous Moon is a stage when most portion of the Moon is already seeable. At this point. the Moon is clearly seeable to any of its perceivers and merely a small splinter is non illuminated. The crookback Moon could be seen clearly even before the sundown and corsets in the dark sky until three in the forenoon ( Barrow. 2008. 1 ) . The full face of the Moon is evident during the 5th stage which is the full Moon. This stage takes topographic point whenever the Earth is positioned between the Moon and the Earth. Full Moon is the lone stage where the Moon is reflecting all throughout the dark. A full Moon will lift during the beginning of the dark and will finally put as forenoon stairss in ( Barrow. 2008. 1 ) . Just like the waxing crookback. the declining crookback which is the 6th stage of the Moon. shows all but a small portion of the Moon. However. in contrast with the waxing crookback where perceivers are seeing much of the heavenly body’s illuminated portion. the declining crookback is an indicant of seeing less of the Moon in the approaching darks. This is why it was coined as â€Å"waning† crookback ( The stages of our Moon: What can you see this evening. 2008 ) . Second to the last of the moon’s stage is the last one-fourth. Much like the first one-fourth. people see a half full of the moon’s illuminated face nevertheless ; the reflected visible radiation is set on the left manus corner of the Moon reverse to the first one-fourth stage which is reflected in the right manus side ( Barrow. 2008. 1 ) . Finally the waning crescent marks the concluding rhythm of the moon’s stage. During this period people would observer that merely small of the Moons face is seeable. By the following darks merely a smaller portion of the Moon can be seen in a lesser period. From there a new rhythm will so continue ( The stages of our Moon: What can you see this evening. 2008 ) . Obviously the moon’s stages are dependent upon the moon’s run alonging place in conformity to the Sun and Earth. It is besides notable that the sequence of the stages starts with the moon’s light light from right to left until it extends to the full Moon stage. Right after the said stage the lighted country of the Moon would withdraw from right to left until it reaches the new Moon stage which would tag another rhythm. The stages of the Moon are non complicated as it may look. By larning how. when and why it occurs enables an single to cognize that such event is non random but a predictable event.

World War II Bomber Command Dambuster Raids

World War II Bomber Command Dambuster Raids During the early days of World War II, the Royal Air Forces Bomber Command sought to strike at German dams in the Ruhr. Such an attack would damage water and electrical production, as well as inundate large areas of the region. Conflict Date Operation Chastise took place on May 17, 1943, and was part of World War II. Aircraft Commanders Wing Commander Guy Gibson19 aircraft Operation Chastise Overview Assessing the feasibility of the mission, it was found that multiple strikes with a high degree of accuracy would be necessary. As these would have to take place against heavy enemy resistance, Bomber Command dismissed the raids as unpractical. Pondering the mission, Barnes Wallis, an aircraft designer at Vickers, devised a different approach to breaching the dams. While first proposing the use of a 10-ton bomb, Wallis was forced to move on as no aircraft capable carrying such a payload existed. Theorizing that a small charge could break the dams if detonated below the water, he was initially thwarted by the presence of German anti-torpedo nets in the reservoirs. Pushing on with the concept, he began developing a unique, cylindrical bomb designed to skip along the surface of the water before sinking and exploding at the dams base. To accomplish this, the bomb, designated Upkeep, was spun backwards at 500 rpm before being dropped from low altitude. Striking the dam, the bombs spin would let it roll down the face before exploding underwater. Wallis idea was put forward to Bomber Command and after several conferences was accepted on February 26, 1943. While Wallis team worked to perfect the Upkeep bomb design, Bomber Command assigned the mission to 5 Group. For the mission, a new unit, 617 Squadron, was formed with Wing Commander Guy Gibson in command. Based at RAF Scampton, just northwest of Lincoln, Gibsons men were given uniquely modified Avro Lancaster Mk.III bombers. Dubbed the B Mark III Special (Type 464 Provisioning), 617s Lancasters had much of the armor and defensive armament removed to reduce weight. In addition, the bomb bay doors were taken off to allow the fitting of special crutches to hold and spin the Upkeep bomb. As the mission planning progressed, it was decided to strike the MÃ ¶hne, Eder, and Sorpe Dams. While Gibson relentlessly trained his crews in low-altitude, night flying, efforts were made to find solutions to two key technical problems. These were ensuring that the Upkeep bomb was released at a precise altitude and distance from the dam. For the first issue, two lights were mounted under each aircraft such that their beams would converge on the surface of the water then the bomber was at the correct altitude. To judge range, special aiming devices which utilized towers on each dam were built for 617s aircraft. With these problems solved, Gibsons men began test runs over reservoirs around England. Following their final testing, the Upkeep bombs were delivered on May 13, with the goal of Gibsons men conducting the mission four days later. Flying the Dambuster Mission Taking off in three groups after dark on May 17, Gibsons crews flew at around 100 feet to evade German radar. On the outbound flight, Gibsons Formation 1, consisting of nine Lancasters, lost an aircraft en route to the MÃ ¶hne when it was downed by high tension wires. Formation 2 lost all but one of its bombers as it flew towards Sorpe. The last group, Formation 3, served as a reserve force and diverted three aircraft to Sorpe to make up for losses. Arriving at MÃ ¶hne, Gibson led the attack in and successfully released his bomb. He was followed by Flight Lieutenant John Hopgood whose bomber was caught in the blast from its bomb and crashed. To support his pilots, Gibson circled back to draw German flak while the others attacked. Following a successful run by Flight Lieutenant Harold Martin, Squadron Leader Henry Young was able to breach the dam. With the MÃ ¶hne Dam broken, Gibson led the flight to Eder where his three remaining aircraft negotiated tricky terrain to score hits on the dam. The dam was finally opened by Pilot Officer Leslie Knight. While Formation 1 was achieving success, Formation 2 and its reinforcements continued to struggle. Unlike MÃ ¶hne and Eder, the Sorpe Dam was earthen rather than masonry. Due to increasing fog and as the dam was undefended, Flight Lieutenant Joseph McCarthy from Formation 2 was able to make ten runs before releasing his bomb. Scoring a hit, the bomb only damaged the crest of the dam. Two aircraft from Formation 3 attacked as well, but were unable to inflict substancial damage. The remaining two reserve aircraft were directed to secondary targets at Ennepe and Lister. While Ennepe was unsuccessfully attacked (this aircraft may have struck Bever Dam by mistake), Lister escaped unharmed as Pilot Officer Warner Ottley was downed en route. Two additional aircraft were lost during the return flight. Aftermath Operation Chastise cost 617 Squadron eight aircraft as well as 53 killed and 3 captured. The successful attacks on the MÃ ¶hne and Eder dams released 330 million tons of water into the western Ruhr, reducing water production by 75% and flooding large amounts of farmland. In addition, over 1,600 were killed though many of these were forced laborers from occupied countries and Soviet prisoners of war. While British planners were pleased with the results, they were not long lasting. By late June, German engineers had fully restored water production and hydroelectric power. Though the military benefit was fleeting, the success of the raids provided a boost to British morale and aided Prime Minister Winston Churchill in negotiations with the United States and Soviet Union. For his role in the mission, Gibson was awarded the Victoria Cross while the men of 617 Squadron received a combined five Distinguished Service Orders, ten Distinguished Flying Crosses and four bars, twelve Distinguished Flying Medals, and two Conspicuous Gallantry Medals. Selected Sources Dambusters.orgThe DambustersBBC: Barnes Wallis

The Death Sentence and Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Death Sentence and Texas - Essay Example The application of the death penalty in Texas makes several poignant statements: first, violent crimes in Texas will bring about violence in the application of the death penalty; second, it is a loud statement of lack of confidence in an individual’s ability to be rehabilitated after having committed a violent crime, regardless of the circumstances; and, third, demonstrates a confidence in the modern technologies, such as DNA testing, that have recently been proven to have been the basis for wrong convictions because DNA testing and maintenance of DNA samples were compromised. This raises the question of whether or not the continued application in Texas and elsewhere in the United States is in fact justice served. Or would justice be better served by holding off on the use of the death penalty, until the justice system can be certain, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the evidence it presents is irrefutable with respect to each life being put at risk? Also, can a system responsi ble for rehabilitating offenders really succeed in that goal, and can a criminal with a violent past be rehabilitated in a way where justice would be better served by life imprisonment as opposed to death? The justices decided on a 6-3 vote that the Texas jury that resentenced rapist-murderer Johnny Paul Penry after his 1989 appeal was given instructions that did not meet criteria the high court had earlier set, and they overturned his death sentence a second time (Murray 2001).† These are questions and situations that this essay will examine with respect to the application of the death penalty in the state of Texas. Individual cases where prisoners have been executed will be examined, as will some pending cases. The state of Texas is big, the history of Texas looms large in the overall history of the United States, and people from the state like to perceive themselves as

Fundamentals of Business Law and Ethics Discussion Essay

Fundamentals of Business Law and Ethics Discussion - Essay Example Most questions assume that the home owner is in a condominium that must be governed by the Condominium Act. The main use of the Services by all the Members, is a subject to all the applicable local, national, state, and international rules and regulations as well as the required laws. The tagged reserves the right, and does not assume any duty, to monitor the Services to enforce this Agreement. While learning of all the violation of this Agreement. It is tagged at its sole discretion that is terminated in the access to and use of the Services that is required that one corrects such violation, or take any other required actions that Tagged the most appropriate and enforce the basic rights and pursue all the available remedies. For instance, this is a private and civil type of laws .Gun owners tend to make the legal purchases that are required to pass a federal background-check and in most countries must meet most of the standards that obtain and carry or provide permission such as age and training. Public and civil type of laws. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits most discrimination in hiring, and promoting, discharging, paying, fringe benefits, providing job training, classification, referral, and other aspects of employment, on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Minimum wage in Ohio increases by 15 cents an hour. Policy Matters Ohio, a non-partisan organization that studies Ohios economy, says the increase will boost the wages of more than 277,000 Ohio workers. Voters in Ohio approved a constitutional amendment in 2006 that calls for annual increases in the hourly wage. In 2011, Governor Kasich created CSI and placed it under my leadership, and since that time we have been moving forward to streamline Ohio’s business regulations and help make Ohio more business-friendly. This report highlights our efforts in 2013 to build on the accomplishments of CSI’s first two years, and is tied to the goals

Liberalism and Colonialism Essay Example for Free

Liberalism and Colonialism Essay Liberalism is both egalitarian and inegalitarian, it stresses both the unity of mankind and the hierarchy of cultures, it is both tolerant and intolerant, peaceful and violent, pragmatic and dogmatic, skeptical and self-righteous. Bhikhu Parekh examines the writing of John Locke and John Stuart Mill, two of greatest liberal philosophers. Locke state that the Indians had cultivated and lived on their land for centuries and it was their ‘rightful inheritance’. He asked the English settlers for information about the Indian way of life, and built up an impressive collection of books dealing with the European exploration of the Americas. The Indian way of life offered a realistic contrast to, and provided most valuable insights into, the nature and structure of political society. Locke’s analysis of the nature of reason was complex and inconsistent, by and large he thought that it analysed and reflected on the sense impressions, perceived similarities and dissimilarities between different events and entities, traced their causes, and formed universally valid generalizations. Locke analysed English colonialism in America in terms of his theory of man and society. He argued that since the American Indians roamed freely over the land and did not enclose it, it was not their land; they used it as one would use a common land, but they had no property in it. In Locke’s view, English colonization not only did them no harm, but also respected their natural rights and conferred on them great economic, moral, cultural, scientific and political benefits. Locke characterized two modes of colonization, one based on ‘conquest by sword’ and represented by Spanish, the other based on commerce and represented by the English. Whilst Locke’s principle of equality offer at least some moral protection to Indians, it offered them no political protection. Indians were entitled to equality as individuals, but not as an organized society. As individuals their basic rights and interests were to be fully protected. Locke defined equality, it obtained only between the civilized nations and placed the non-civilized societies outside the pale of international law and morality. For John Mill’s philosophical ideas, Europeans were interested primarily not so much in unburdening their surplus population and settling in these countries as in trade, commerce and olitical control. This new phase of colonialism usually called imperialism. For Mill, man was a progressive being whose ultimate destiny was to secure the fullest development of his intellectual, moral, aesthetic and other faculties. In Mill’s view, human beings had both a natural and a historically acquired tendency towards conformity, which only a few were able to fight successfully on their own. For Mill as for most other liberals, individuality represented human destiny, but it was not underwritten by and even went against some of deepest tendencies of human nature. Like Locke, Mill divided human societies into two, but his principle of classification was different. In some societies, which he called civilized, human beings were in the ‘maturity of their faculties’ and had ‘attained the capacity of being guided to their own improvement by conviction or persuasion. By contrast all non-European societies were ‘backward’, and human beings there were in a state of ‘nonage’ and ‘infancy’. Although Mill stressed the value of diversity, he defined its nature and permissible range in narrow terms. He linked diversity to individuality and choice, and valued the former only in so far as it was grounded in the individualist conception of man. It ruled out traditional and customary ways of life, as well as those centred on the community. More so than Locke, Mill condemned the racist arrogance of and the misuse of political power by the colonial bureaucrats and yet he had no difficulty sharing the colonial contempt for native cultures and approving of the violence used to dismantle them. Both Locke and Mill shared a firm belief in the equality of men and used it to justify and regulate colonial rule. And they also failed to understand the extremely complex relationship between human being and their cultures. Liberals do believe in equal respect for all human beings, but they find it difficult to accord equal respect to those who do not value autonomy, individuality, self-determination, choice, secularism, ambition, competition and the pursuit of wealth.

AMMONIUM NITRATE :: essays research papers

SCIENCE REPORT AMMONIUM NITRATE NH4NO3 Problem Our task was to investigate what the optimum ratio of solute to solvent that will produce the maximum cooling/heating effect? Hypothesis With a smaller quantity of water (50mls) and the same amount of Ammonium Nitrate added. After any period of time the mixture will be a cooler temperature than that of a mixture with a larger quantity of water. Variables „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Water „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teaspoons „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ammonium Nitrate „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thermometer „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stirring (used thermometer) „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Changed/Uncontrolled Variables -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The amount of times the mixture was stirred. We stirred the mixture until the Ammonium Nitrate was dissolved, so the amount of times we stirred after each teaspoon was different. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each teaspoon may not have been equal. Measurements were made based on judgment and not exact measurements. „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Controlled Variables -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Amount of water used in each test was equal (100mls and 50mls). -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Total amount of Ammonium Nitrate used (150grams). -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Temperature was measured after and exact time i.e. 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes. Equipment Trial test „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 thermometer „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 plastic teaspoon „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Safety glasses „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100ml beaker „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30mls of water „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 graduated cylinder „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 stirring rod First Test „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 thermometer „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 plastic teaspoon „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 stop watch „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 stirring rod „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Safety glasses X3 (one for each group member) „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  250ml beaker „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 graduated cylinder „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  150 grams of Ammonium Nitrate „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100mls of water Second Test „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 thermometer „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 plastic teaspoon „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 stop watch „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 stirring rod „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Safety glasses X3 (one for each group member) „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100ml beaker „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 graduated cylinder „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  leftover from original 150 grams of Ammonium Nitrate „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50mls of water NOTE: The stirring rod was not used in the First and Second experiments, as it was not available. A substitute we used the thermometer. Methods Trial Test In a 100ml beaker 30mls of water was placed the temperature of the water was recorded. 1 teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate was added to the water and stirred until dissolved. The temperature was then recorded again. This was to see the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature. First Test In a 250ml beaker place 100mls of water, measure the temperature of the water and record this initial temperature onto a table. Set the timer and add one teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate to the water, stir this continuously until the Ammonium Nitrate has dissolved. After 1 minute measure the temperature and record it, do this for a further 2 minutes (3 minutes in total). Repeat this process for a total of 10 teaspoons. Second Test In a 100ml beaker place 50mls of water, measure the temperature of the water and record this initial temperature onto a table. Set the timer and add one teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate to the water, stir this continuously until the Ammonium Nitrate has dissolved. AMMONIUM NITRATE :: essays research papers SCIENCE REPORT AMMONIUM NITRATE NH4NO3 Problem Our task was to investigate what the optimum ratio of solute to solvent that will produce the maximum cooling/heating effect? Hypothesis With a smaller quantity of water (50mls) and the same amount of Ammonium Nitrate added. After any period of time the mixture will be a cooler temperature than that of a mixture with a larger quantity of water. Variables „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Water „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teaspoons „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Time „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ammonium Nitrate „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thermometer „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stirring (used thermometer) „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Changed/Uncontrolled Variables -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The amount of times the mixture was stirred. We stirred the mixture until the Ammonium Nitrate was dissolved, so the amount of times we stirred after each teaspoon was different. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each teaspoon may not have been equal. Measurements were made based on judgment and not exact measurements. „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Controlled Variables -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Amount of water used in each test was equal (100mls and 50mls). -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Total amount of Ammonium Nitrate used (150grams). -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Temperature was measured after and exact time i.e. 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes. Equipment Trial test „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 thermometer „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 plastic teaspoon „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Safety glasses „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100ml beaker „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30mls of water „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 graduated cylinder „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 stirring rod First Test „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 thermometer „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 plastic teaspoon „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 stop watch „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 stirring rod „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Safety glasses X3 (one for each group member) „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  250ml beaker „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 graduated cylinder „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  150 grams of Ammonium Nitrate „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100mls of water Second Test „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 thermometer „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 plastic teaspoon „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 stop watch „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 stirring rod „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Safety glasses X3 (one for each group member) „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100ml beaker „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 graduated cylinder „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  leftover from original 150 grams of Ammonium Nitrate „X  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50mls of water NOTE: The stirring rod was not used in the First and Second experiments, as it was not available. A substitute we used the thermometer. Methods Trial Test In a 100ml beaker 30mls of water was placed the temperature of the water was recorded. 1 teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate was added to the water and stirred until dissolved. The temperature was then recorded again. This was to see the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature. First Test In a 250ml beaker place 100mls of water, measure the temperature of the water and record this initial temperature onto a table. Set the timer and add one teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate to the water, stir this continuously until the Ammonium Nitrate has dissolved. After 1 minute measure the temperature and record it, do this for a further 2 minutes (3 minutes in total). Repeat this process for a total of 10 teaspoons. Second Test In a 100ml beaker place 50mls of water, measure the temperature of the water and record this initial temperature onto a table. Set the timer and add one teaspoon of Ammonium Nitrate to the water, stir this continuously until the Ammonium Nitrate has dissolved.

Should the U.S. Increase Spending on the Space Program

Should the U. S. Government Increase Spending On The Space Program A group of children lie in the tall grass on a moonless night, staring in wonder up at the hundreds of diamond pinpoints glittering across the heavens. This peaceful scene could have taken place at any point in history, from the cave dwelling Neanderthal, to a family celebrating a warm summer evening together at a local park. The Heavens have always been a source of passionate fascination and wonderment for intelligent beings. Nearly every culture throughout known time has had legends about the heavens or the stars.In fact, to many cultures, Greek and Roman for example, the night skies were so magical that the heavens were the focal point of their creation myths. In more recent times, we have begun to be less superstitious about the star studded expanse above us, astrology aside, and begun to apply scientific fact and mathematical certainties to that very mysterious beyond. We began to have the technological advanceme nts that would make it possible to actually begin decoding the mysteries of, and then amazingly, foraying into that last frontier which culminated in the U. S. eing the only country to have ever put a man on the moon. So why did it essentially end there? Think about this, every time you use your smart phone, you are holding in the palm of your hand more technology than was used to navigate the first moon landing. Yet, despite our marked leaps forward in the applied sciences in the last fifteen years, which have the potential to make frequent, smaller scale, passenger accompanied space travel plausible and much safer, the space program in the United States seems to merit less and less government funding every passing year.So with all of space waiting to be discovered, decoded, and explored, why do we as a country, seem to be turning our backs on the space program? Arguments abound as to why the space program is a waste of our precious time, government resources and technology. Those opposed to the space program argue that the funds used to put equipment into orbit around the earth and used to build space shuttles and design rocket fuel powerful enough to launch hundreds of thousands of pounds of metal tens of thousands of miles, hould instead be used to revitalize a sluggish economy, fix our severely inadequate public education system or be used to fund research geared toward helping to reverse some of the damage mankind has done to the planet we already inhabit. Proponents of shutting down space programs completely and diverting funds elsewhere also make points that if we had these brilliant minds working on projects like the U. S. Infrastructure or clean energy instead of frittering away their talents on useless space projects, that we could quickly solve some very large problems facing our country.Most of these arguments are well thought out and make very valid points however, they seem to miss the fact that our way of life would be very different if NASA ha d never existed. Take for example during the early Apollo missions. NASA scientists realized that they needed better, clearer pictures of the moons surface in order to determine if landing a man on the moon was even a feasible idea. They put their heads together and in the 1960's they came up with digital image processing. A revolutionary step in technology that would allow the scientists to use computers to enhance pictures of the moons surface.Soon after the discovery this technology exploded on the scene in the medical industry as medical researchers discovered that they could modify NASA's technology to better see organs in the human body without surgery. These breakthroughs are still used today. We know them as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans which save millions of lives every single year. Speaking of lives, another lifesaving device came from modified NASA technology, though not in the medical field.An engineer saw the massive rocket launche rs that propel massive spacecrafts into deep space and it gave him an idea. He approached the government with the idea and was granted permission to partner with and research his vision. In a few short years they has modified the rocket propulsion system, minimized it and it is now used across the united states to fight fires. It propels the water at such a high pressure that it has revolutionized putting out fires. It's quicker, safer and it also wastes no precious water.Even our comfort levels have been raised due to NASA's research. They needed something to reduce the bone jarring impact of spacecrafts landing. So they created a polyurethane, silicone, plastic blend to help protect astronauts and cargo. We know this today as memory foam and it is in everything from car seats to protect the most innocent among us to mattresses, motorcycle helmets, recliners and even Fido's bed. There are dozens, if not hundreds of examples of how space exploration technology vastly improved daily life in America.Even if you choose not to look at the way NASA launched the American people into a safer, more comfortable America you would have to be wearing blinders to not recognize how NASA launched the U. S. Into the lead politically. The space race between the United States and the Soviet Union had it's origins in the missile based Arms Race that occurred at the end of World War II. The Space Race marked unprecedented spending on education and pure research which accelerated scientific advancement at a rate previously unheard of.In other words, most of the technology we have today in the United States as well as the comfortable way that we live is due to NASA and to our govenrment investing well in the future of its future generations. Spending on both programs has been cut steeply in the last fifteen years and we have had little new technology advance and also we are generating graduates that are unskilled for the hightech jobs and positions that need to be filled in order t o keep the U. S. Advancing forward.Take a look at the numbers. In 1012 NASA was allocated 18. 7 Billion from the Federal Government. I know that sounds huge but it's actually less then 1% of the entire U. S. Budget. 69. 8 billion went to education and that's obviously a lot more than NASA's funding but if you look at the bigger picture the Defense got 670 billion. To put it another way, science, advancement and technology received less than one percent of the nations budget. Education is doing a bit better at nearly five percent but Defense?That's almost twenty seven percent of our nations budget. I think we as a society need to come together and ask our government to help us launch America forward again by investing in out space programs. After all, as The President of the United States himself said â€Å"For pennies on the dollar, the space program has improved our lives, advanced our society, strengthened our economy, and inspired generations of Americans. † I would ask hi m to ensure that that never stops.

Ap Us History Definitions - 1466 Words

Early Native Peoples of America †¢Anasazi – They were a cultural group of people during the Pueblo I and II Eras. During their time, corn was introduced to society, and the ideas of nomadic hunters and gatherers were present. Their crafts and houses still stand today, which plays an important role in the advancement of architecture and craftsmanship. †¢Aztecs – The Aztecs were a native group centered in Mexico, and thrived between the 14th and 16th centuries. They had a huge impact on modern day through their advancement of the calendar (including leap years), and religious practices that would spread to influence other belief systems in the future. †¢Cahokia – Cahokia is the area where an ancient city was created during older times.†¦show more content†¦Although there were some negative effects from the exchange, such as the introduction of smallpox to the western hemisphere, the overall impact that the â€Å"Great Exchange† had on the world was much more positive, and by far one of the largest examples of cultural diffusion. †¢Conquistadors – Conquistadors were Spanish or Portuguese explorers, who would sail to areas across the world (mostly new areas in the western hemisphere) and conquer those territories. The influence this had on cultural diffusion was huge because of the new trade routes developed by this, and the interaction between the native people and European peoples. †¢Dutch West India Company – The Dutch West India Company was made up of Dutch merchants, and its focus was on trading and colonization. One example and contribution to what the Dutch West India Company was responsible for is the founding of New Netherland. †¢encomiendas – The encomienda system was one of the first (indirect) examples of slavery. Although it was not straight up slavery, its elements were very similar. The king would appoint a number of natives to a person who would then be responsible for them. By protecting them, and teaching them (as if they had a choice) the ways of Catholic religion and how to speak Spanish, they could then use those natives for labor. This influenced many later forms of slavery. †¢Headright System – Originally, the headright system was used in order to fix the shortage of laborers. A person whoShow MoreRelatedMy Experience At The University Of Oklahoma1363 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the literal definition, hard work is a broad term that encompasses a vast amount of the human population. I believe that the term is thrown around so often that it has almost become meaningless. In my mind, hard work is throwing yourself into difficult situations and remaining both dedicated and determined to conquer the task. Although the desired outcome is not always reached, hard work remains an important value that allows us to show our full potential. I have been constantly putRead MoreSocial Media and the Law1571 Words   |  7 Pagesdormant war created a need for technological advances and led to the idea of a â€Å"Galactic Network† (Brief History of the Internet). 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